- Approval in newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML represents the first new treatment in more than 25 years[1],[2]
- Rydapt treatment regimen in FLT3-mutated AML demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival with a 23% reduction in the risk of death[3]
- Rydapt is the first and only approved therapy for three types of SM collectively known as advanced SM, a group of ultra-rare, life-threatening conditions
- Novartis shares this milestone with the study collaborators and patients who participated in these clinical trials that helped bring Rydapt to approval
The digital press release with multimedia content can be accessed here:
Basel, April 28, 2017 - Novartis announced today the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Rydapt® (midostaurin, formerly PKC412) for two indications. The first indication is for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in newly diagnosed patients who are FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 mutation-positive (FLT3+), as detected by an FDA-approved test, in combination with chemotherapy[3]. Rydapt is also approved to treat adults with advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM), which includes aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (SM-AHN) and mast cell leukemia[3]. This approval follows a prior Breakthrough Therapy designation in FLT3-mutated AML, as well as Orphan Drug designation and Priority Review in both indications by the FDA. Worldwide filings for Rydapt are currently underway.
"Rydapt represents a remarkable advance as the first and only targeted therapy approved for patients who had limited options for many years," said Bruno Strigini, CEO, Novartis Oncology. "We are proud to continue our leadership in hematology as we work diligently to bring innovative medicines to patients worldwide."
Rydapt is the only approved targeted therapy for newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML
AML is a rare and aggressive cancer of the blood and bone marrow[4]. In the US, about 21,000 people are estimated to be diagnosed with AML in 2017[5]. Approximately one-third of these AML patients, or 7,000, will have a FLT3 gene mutation[6]. FLT3 is a type of cell-surface receptor which plays a role in increasing the number of certain blood cells[7]. The FLT3 gene mutation can result in faster disease progression, higher relapse rates and lower rates of survival than other forms of AML[6],[7],[8]. Prior to the approval of Rydapt, the AML therapeutic strategy had remained relatively unchanged for more than 25 years[1],[2].
"The overall survival advantage for midostaurin plus chemotherapy seen in the RATIFY trial was a significant advancement for newly diagnosed AML patients with the FLT3 mutation," said Dr. Richard Stone, Chief of Staff and Director of the Adult Leukemia program at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology study chair for the RATIFY trial. "The availability of midostaurin now helps to establish a new standard of care in this high-risk patient population."
Rydapt is indicated for use in combination with standard cytarabine and daunorubicin induction and cytarabine consolidation chemotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed AML who are FLT3 mutation-positive, as detected by an FDA-approved test[3]. Rydapt is not indicated as a single-agent induction therapy for the treatment of patients with AML[3].
The FDA approval is based on the Phase III RATIFY (CALGB 10603 [Alliance]) clinical trial, which was conducted in collaboration with the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology and its 13 contributing international cooperative groups. In the trial, newly diagnosed FLT3+ patients who received Rydapt plus chemotherapy experienced significant improvement in overall survival with a 23% reduction in the risk of death compared with chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63, 0.95; 2 sided p=0.016)[3].
Event-free survival (EFS; event defined as no complete remission within 60 days of the start of induction therapy, relapse or death) was significantly higher for Rydapt plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (median of 8.2 months compared to 3.0 months, HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.66, 0.93 and 2 sided p=0.004)[3]. RATIFY is the largest worldwide clinical trial in newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML to date, as 3,279 AML patients were screened for the FLT3 mutation and 717 patients were enrolled[9]. All FLT3+ patients enrolled in the trial were treated regardless of whether or not cytogenetic status was normal or abnormal[3].
The most frequent adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 20%) in the Rydapt plus chemotherapy arm were febrile neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, headache, musculoskeletal pain, petechiae (small red skin spots), device-related infection, epistaxis, hyperglycemia and upper respiratory tract infections. The most frequent Grade 3/4 adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 10%) were febrile neutropenia, device-related infection and mucositis[3].
In order to identify FLT3+ AML patients who may benefit from Rydapt, Novartis collaborated with Invivoscribe Technologies, Inc. on the development of LeukoStrat® CDx FLT3 Mutation Assay, a companion molecular diagnostic test, which was also approved by the FDA today. LeukoStrat® CDx FLT3 Mutation Assay is the first molecular companion diagnostic in AML and identifies both FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations and is performed by The Laboratory for Personalized Molecular Medicine, a subsidiary of Invivoscribe Technologies, Inc.
Rydapt provides an innovative treatment option for advanced SM
Advanced SM is a rare blood disorder characterized by uncontrolled growth and accumulation of mast cells - or mediators of allergic responses - in one or more organs[10]. In advanced SM, mast cells accumulate in such high quantities that they begin to cause organ damage[10]. Median overall survival is currently less than six months for mast cell leukemia[11], two years for SM-AHN and 3.5 years for ASM[12].
Rydapt is approved in the US for the treatment of adult patients with ASM, SM-AHN, or mast cell leukemia[3]. The approval of Rydapt was based on two single-arm open-label multicenter trials, including the Phase II study (CPKC412D2201), which was the largest and longest-running prospective trial ever conducted in this ultra-rare disorder. The efficacy of Rydapt was established on the basis of confirmed complete remission (CR) plus incomplete remission (ICR) by six cycles of treatment per the modified Valent criteria (n=89), in which CR and ICR are the two most rigorous subcategories of a major response. This analysis demonstrated an overall response rate of 21% (95% CI, 13, 31)[3]. Efficacy was also assessed in a post-hoc analysis using the 2013 International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment-European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (IWG-MRT-ECNM) consensus criteria (n=115)[2]. This assessment estimated complete remission or partial remission rate of 17% (95% CI, 10, 25)[3].
The most frequent adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 20%), excluding laboratory terms, were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, edema, musculoskeletal pain, abdominal pain, fatigue, upper respiratory tract infection, constipation, pyrexia, headache and dyspnea. The most frequent Grade 3 or greater adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 5%), excluding laboratory terms, were fatigue, sepsis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, edema, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and renal insufficiency[3].
About AML
AML is the most common acute leukemia in adults; it accounts for approximately 25% of all adult leukemias worldwide, with the highest incidence rates occurring in the US, Europe and Australia[13]. It also has the lowest survival rate of all adult leukemias[13].
AML prevents white blood cells from maturing, causing an accumulation of "blasts," which do not allow room for the normal blood cells[5]. Mutations in specific genes are found in many cases of AML[6], and genetic testing for mutations in newly diagnosed AML patients can help to determine prognosis and potential treatment strategies[14].
About advanced SM
In advanced SM, the uncontrolled growth of neoplastic mast cells causes organ damage (e.g., liver dysfunction), low blood counts and weight loss[10]. Patients also suffer from debilitating systemic symptoms such as pruritus (severe itching of the skin) caused by mast cells releasing inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, into the blood[10].
The uncontrolled proliferation of mast cells is caused in many people by a KIT gene mutation - the most common mutation, encoding the D816V substitution, occurs in approximately 90% of patients[15]. The KIT gene mutation results in activation of the KIT enzyme, which triggers the abnormal proliferation and survival of mast cells[16].
About Rydapt® (midostaurin)
Rydapt® (midostaurin) is an oral, multi-targeted inhibitor of multiple kinases, including FLT3 and KIT, which help regulate many essential cell processes, interrupting cancer cells' ability to grow and multiply[3].
Rydapt is available in 25 mg capsules. In AML, the recommended dosage for Rydapt is 50 mg orally twice daily on days 8 to 21 each cycle of induction therapy and on days 8 to 21 each cycle of consolidation therapy[3]. For a description of the experience with single-agent treatment beyond induction and consolidation, healthcare professionals should refer to the Clinical Studies section of the Prescribing Information (14.1)[3].
In advanced SM, the recommended dosage for Rydapt is 100 mg orally twice daily[3].
The full prescribing information for Rydapt can be found at: https://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/sites/www.pharma.us.novartis.com/files/rydapt.pdf.
Rydapt Important Safety Information
Patients who are allergic to midostaurin or any of the ingredients in Rydapt should not take Rydapt. If a patient taking Rydapt develops signs of an allergic reaction, they should seek medical help immediately. Signs of an allergic reaction include trouble breathing, flushing, chest pain, throat tightness, and swelling of lips, mouth or throat.
Rydapt should be not be used during pregnancy since Rydapt may harm an unborn baby. Pregnancy testing should be conducted for women who might become pregnant. Effective birth control should be used during treatment and for at least four months after stopping Rydapt. If a patient becomes pregnant or thinks she may be, the patient should tell their doctor right away. Women should not breastfeed during treatment with Rydapt and for at least four months after the final dose. Men taking Rydapt who have female partners that are able to become pregnant should use effective birth control during his treatment with Rydapt and for at least four months after the last Rydapt dose. Rydapt may cause fertility problems in women and men, which may affect their ability to have children.
Rydapt may cause lung problems that may lead to death. Patients on Rydapt who develop a new or worsening cough, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort should get medical help right away. These may be signs of serious lung problems.
Common sides effects reported during Rydapt treatment for AML included low level of white blood cells with fever (febrile neutropenia); nausea; redness, pain or ulcers inside the mouth (mucositis); vomiting; headache; bruising; muscle or bone pain; nose bleeds; device-related infection; high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and upper respiratory infections.
Common side effects reported during treatment for ASM, SH-AHM or mast cell leukemia included nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; swelling of the hands, feet or ankles; muscle or bone pain; stomach-area pain; tiredness; upper respiratory infection; constipation; fever; headache and trouble breathing.
If side effects including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occur, get worse or do not go away during treatment with Rydapt, patients should contact their doctor. Depending on the side effect and/or severity of the side effect that occur, their doctor may decrease their dose, temporarily stop, or completely stop treatment with Rydapt.
Patients should tell their doctor about all the medicines they take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements. Rydapt may affect how these medicines work or these other medicines may affect how Rydapt works.
Disclaimer
The foregoing release contains forward-looking statements that can be identified by words such as "Breakthrough Therapy designation," "Priority Review," "underway," "work diligently," "may," or similar terms, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential additional marketing approvals for Rydapt, or regarding potential future revenues from Rydapt. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of management regarding future events, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There can be no guarantee that Rydapt will be submitted or approved for sale in any additional markets, or at any particular time. Nor can there be any guarantee that Rydapt will be commercially successful in the future. In particular, management's expectations regarding Rydapt could be affected by, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including clinical trial results and additional analysis of existing clinical data; regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; the company's ability to obtain or maintain proprietary intellectual property protection; general economic and industry conditions; global trends toward health care cost containment, including ongoing pricing pressures; safety, quality or manufacturing issues, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AG's current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
About Novartis
Novartis provides innovative healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, cost-saving generic and biosimilar pharmaceuticals and eye care. Novartis has leading positions globally in each of these areas. In 2016, the Group achieved net sales of USD 48.5 billion, while R&D throughout the Group amounted to approximately USD 9.0 billion. Novartis Group companies employ approximately 118,000 full-time-equivalent associates. Novartis products are sold in approximately 155 countries around the world. For more information, please visit http://www.novartis.com.
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References
[1] Schiller GJ. High-risk acute myelogenous leukemia: treatment today ... and tomorrow. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2013; 2013:201-208.
[2] Lin TL, Levy MY. Acute myeloid leukemia: focus on novel therapeutic strategies. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2012;6:205-217.
[3] Rydapt [prescribing information]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, 2017.
[4] National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI). Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq. Accessed April 10, 2017.
[5] Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:7-30.
[6] Patel JP, Gönen M, Figueroa ME, et al. Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2012; 22;366(12):1079-1089.
[7] Gilliland DG, Griffin JD. The roles of FLT3 in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Blood. 2002;100(5):1532-1542.
[8] Yanada M, Matsuo K, Suzuki T, et al. Prognostic significance of FLT3 internal tandem duplication and tyrosine kinase domain mutations for acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leukemia. 2005;19(8):1345-1349.
[9] Stone RM, Mandrekar S, Sanford BL, et al. The Multi-kinase inhibitor midostaurin (M) prolongs survival compared with placebo (P) in combination with daunorubicin (D)/cytarabine (C) induction (ind), high-dose © consolidation (consol), and as maintenance (maint) therapy in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (pts) age 18-60 with FLT3 mutations (muts): An international prospective randomized (rand) p-controlled double-blind trial (CALGB 10603/RATIFY [Alliance]). Blood. 2015: 126:6.
[10] Arock M, Akin C, Hermine O, et al. Current treatment options in patients with mastocytosis: status in 2015 and future perspectives. Eur J Haematology. 2015;94(6):474-494.
[11] Georgin-Lavialle S, Lhermitte L, Dubreuil P, et al. Mast cell leukemia. Blood. 2013;121:1285-1295.
[12] Lim KH, Tefferi A, Lasho T, et al. Systemic mastocytosis in 342 consecutive adults: survival studies and prognostic factors. Blood. 2009;113:5727-5736.
[13] Deschler B, Lübbert M. Acute myeloid leukemia: epidemiology and etiology. Cancer. 2006;107(9):2009-2107.
[14] Arber DA, Borowitz MJ, Cessna M, et al. Initial Diagnostic Workup of Acute Leukemia: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017 Feb 22. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0504-CP. [Epub ahead of print].
[15] Garcia-Montero AC, Jara-Acevedo M, Teodosi C, et al. KIT mutation in mast cells and other bone marrow hematopoietic cell lineages in systemic mast cell disorders: a prospective study of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) in a series of 113 patients. Blood. 2006;108(7):2366-2372.
[16] Verstovsek S. Advanced systemic mastocytosis: the impact of KIT mutations in diagnosis, treatment, and progression. Eur J Haematology. 2013;90(2):89-98.
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